Institute of
bioorganic chemistry

Diabetes is one of the significant risk factors for ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia exacerbates the pathogenesis of stroke, leading to more extensive cerebral damage. It is logical to assume that more extensive tissue damage during ischemia should somehow correlate with the severity of oxidative stress. A team of scientists from the IBCh RAS and other Russian institutions record for the first time the real-time dynamics of H2O2 in the brain tissues of rats during development of ischemic stroke under conditions of hyperglycemia. To accomplish this, a highly sensitive HyPer7 biosensor and a fiber-optic interface technology were used. Authors demonstrated that a high glycemic status does not affect the generation of H2O2 in the tissues of the ischemic core, while significantly exacerbating the consequences of pathogenesis. For the first time using Raman microspectroscopy approach, scientists have shown how a sharp increase in the blood glucose level increases the relative amount of reduced cytochromes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain in neurons under normal conditions in awake mice. The results are published in Free Radical Biology and Medicine journal.

Researchers from the Laboratory of neuroreceptors and neuroregulators of IBCh RAS have improved the method of genomic DNA preparation from fungi for PCR diagnostics. The authors constructed special chaotropic mixtures for obtaining highly purified cell envelopes included DNA by high-temperature extraction from yeast biomass. Chaotropic mixture consisted from 7M urea, 1% SDS, 100 mM ammonia, 25 mM sodium citrate shown best effectiveness. This mixture provided almost complete removal of RNA and lipids, as well as most of the proteins, followed single-stage production of DNA-containing cell envelopes suitable for PCR. The approach developed in this study is promising for PCR diagnostics and taxonomic studies of yeast and other microorganism having stable cell wall. The study is published in the journal Analytica Chimica Acta. Learn more

The researchers from the Laboratory of Polymers for Biology, IBCh RAS, together with colleagues from the FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS and other institutes, have demonstrated an effective strategy for the polymerization of photocurable compositions using a nanoinitiator based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), activated by NIR light. UCNP, capable of NIR conversion into UV and visible light, were used to study the mechanism of energy transfer in a donor-acceptor pair with commercially available photoinitiators (LAP and Irgacure 369). The effect of the energy transfer mechanism on the spatial resolution of the polymer structures was demonstrated, as well as the photocuring of endogenous biopolymers (gelatin and hyaluronic acid). The work was published in Materials Today Advances. Learn more

The nucleolus and Cajal bodies (CBs) are subnuclear structures with well-known roles in RNA metabolism. The researchers from the Laboratory of functional genomics and proteomics (IBCh, RAS) in collaboration with colleagues from the James Hutton Institute (UK) uncovered a previously unrecognised mechanism by which these structures regulate host defences against virus attack. It was shown that the CB protein coilin interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, redistributes it to the nucleolus and modifies its function. These events are accompanied by activation of salycilic acid-mediated mechanism leading to the restriction of tobacco rattle virus systemic infection. The results are published in Viruses.

Scientists of the Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, together with colleagues from the Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, N.F. Gamaleya Research Institute and V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, investigated the effect of the protein corona of targeted liposomes on internalization by endothelial cells in the conditions of modeling microvessels in a microfluidic device. The ability of liposomes decorated with a tetrasaccharide selectin ligand SiaLe X to target activated endotheliocytes was preserved under microflow conditions. However, in the human serum flow, the level of liposome uptake by cells decreased. Proteomic analysis and immunoblotting of liposome-protein complexes revealed a correlation between the content of SiaLe X and some apolipoproteins, including likely nonspecific competitors of selectins. The results are published in Pharmaceutics.