Endometriosis is regarded as one of the most urgent problems of modern gynecology, whereas its prevalence is about 10% (190 million females) of all reproductive-aged women worldwide. Despite the benign nature of this disease, this process has the features similar to those of malignant diseases, such as loss of cell proliferation control, a tendency for invasive growth, an elevated blood level of cancer-specific markers, and a propensity to relapse.The paper reviews the literature data by Russian and foreign authors, which have been published in the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, and eLibrary databases on the role of the following biomarkers: acetylcholine receptors, matrix metalloproteinases, paraoxonases, bradykinin receptors, and estradiol receptors, in the context of evaluating the course of endometriosis. The increasing role of this disease in the pattern of gynecological diseases, the social significance of the problem, long diagnostic periods, and treatment start since the first symptoms appear generate a need for the medical community to conduct a comprehensive study of this pathology.